thetravdog If you’re brewing by weight, kill the shot at the target weight (within +/- 2g might be your tolerance).
At the same grind setting and extraction, time will vary a little. If you nail the same time (but get anything between 31g & 45g in the cup), you will have a wider variation in extraction, at the same grind setting.
Your extraction is primarily driven by how much water you pass through the puck, at a given grind setting.
Using this method will leave you with one main variable (grind), at your chosen brew ratio.