I have been experimenting for a while- tasting the espresso before and after adding minerals post brew. The difference for me is very apparent. Probably as my brew water is far from ideal.
For alkalinity, I’m using Sodium bicarbonate as the previous post after adjusting for the alkalinity present in the brew water. 0.06 gm in 50 ml deionised water.
For hardness , I’m using powdered MgSO4. The hardness of the brew water is 1.96 Clarke which is about 28 ppm CaCO3. I aim for a hardness of 80 ppm. To achieve an additional 52 ppm, I need (52/407.3)= 0.13 gm/ litre . I need 0.13× 0.03= 0.004 gm in a 30 ml espresso. To make a 50 ml concentrate, I added 0.004×50= 0.2 gm magnesium sulphate to the 50 ml of the deionised water containing the sodium bicarbonate.
Adding 1 ml of this concentrate to my 30 ml espresso makes it sweeter and less sour.