Been using Macs for 25 years and this used to happen to their internal disc drives when they were on their last legs. CD drives in general were never the most reliable of hardwares.
Macs stopped using disc drives about 10 years ago so if the SuperDrive is that sort of age it might be suffering.
I’d forgotten about these but do they still make those CDs with the brushes on to clean the lens? Might be worth a go?