dfk41 as I mentioned, I am not interested in “best espresso machine”, rather than if generally, significantly more expensive machines can make noticeable better espresso than a cheaper one, after a price point.
Cuprajake so be it. if you make 10 espressos on each machine, using same bean, same water, identical grinders dialed to each machine, two comparably skilled barista, then you give it to 10 trained tasters. (nothing prevents you from doing it with even larger set, like 20, 30, but then it’s very difficult to arrange such event)
if the score is 10:0, 9:1 or 8:2, it’s statistically significant to say machine A makes better espressos than machine B.
if 7:3 or less then there are no clear winner.
you can’t always eliminate variables all , but in trials you try to control as many factors as possible.