I’d struggle to remember the exact details of the PAYG Vodafone thing I’m on, but it’s one of the type designed for very rare usage. If I don’t use calls, texts or mobile data in a given day, I pay £0.00 that day. As most of my use, which isn’t much anyway, is on wifi, that’s my typical daily, and monthly, cost - £0.
If I do anything to incur charges in a given 24 hour period, it costs me £1 for that day, but then I get all calls and texts, and some (small) amount of data.
The only other issue is I have to do something either twice or three times a year to avoid losing the number. so generally, it costs me £2-3/year, in total.
My other phone (yes, I do have another one) doesn’t have a SIM in it at all, costs me nothing, ever, and lives in a Faraday bag except when I want to use it, or charge it. How do I use it with no SIM? I works just fine on various TOTP authenticator apps, inluding Google and Yubikey. :D